OTUMFUO OSEI TUTU II COLLEGE - TETREM MOTTO: PE NOKORE NO SLOGAN: ANOKWAFUO

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS AND THEIR LOCATIONS (IN GHANA)

Darlince on 11/30/2010 at 9:36am (UTC)

Ashanti Region

There are more than 80 Senior Secondary schools in the region. Some are;
Adansi North District / Adansi South District
Akrofuom Secondary/Technical, Akrofuom
Asare Bediako Secondary, Akrokerri
Bogwesango Secondary, Bodwesango
Dompoase Secondary, Dompoase
New Edubiase Secondary, New Edubiase
T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Fomena
Obuasi Municipal District
Christ the King Catholic Senior High School
Father Augustine Murphy Commercial School
Obuasi Secondary/Technical School
St. Margaret Senior High School (Private)
Just Love Senior High School (Private)
Adansi Technical Institute (Private)
Afigya-Sekyere District
Adu Gyamfi Secondary, Jamasi
Agona Secondary/Technical, Agona
Konadu Yiadom Secondary, Asaman
Okomfo Anokye Secondary, Wiamoase
S.D.A. Secondary, Agona
Osei Tutu II College, Tetrem
Ahafo Ano North District
Maabang Secondary/Technical, Maabang
Tepa Secondary, Tepa
Ahafo Ano South District
Mankranso Secondary, Mankranso
Amansie East District
Jacobu Secondary/Technical, Jacobu
Oppong Memorial Secondary, Kokofu
Saint Joseph Secondary/Technical, Ahwiren
SDA Secondary, Bekwai
Wesley High School, Bekwai
Amansie West District
Esase Bontefufuo Secondary, Esase Bontefufuo
Manso-Adubia Secondary, Adubia
Mansoman Secondary, Manso Atwere
Asante Akim North District
Agogo State College, Agogo
Collins Secondary/Technical, Agogo
Konongo Odumase Secondary, Odumase
Owerriman Secondary, Domeabra
Asante Akim South District
Bompata Presby Secondary, Bompata
Juaso Secondary/Technical, Juaso
Ofoase Secondary/Technical, Ofoase
Atwima Mponua District / Atwima Nwabiagya District
Nkawie Senior High Technical School, [(Nkawie)]
Mpasatia Secondary/Technical, Mpasatia
Nyinahin Catholic Secondary, Nyinahin
Osei Tutu Secondary, Akropong
Toase Secondary, Toase
Yaa Asantewaa Girls Secondary, Tanoso
Botsomtwe/Atwima/Kwanhuma District
Afia Kobi Ampem Girls Secondary, Trabuom
Beposo Secondary, Beposo
Jachie Pramso Senior High School
St.Margaret High School,Feyiase
Ejuraman Secondary, Ejura
Sekyedumase Secondary, Sekyedumase
Kumasi Metropolitan District
Ghana Armed Forces Senior High School,Kumasi[Bantama-Barracks]
Adventist Secondary School, Bantama-Kumasi
Anglican Secondary School, Asem-Kumasi
Pentecost Secondary School, Breman-kumasi
Roman Girls Nursing Traning School,[Suame-Kumasi]
Asanteman Secondary School,The Royals(NANANOM)(Bantama) [Ranked 14 in West Africa]
Ashanti Kingdom Senior High School, Ahodwo Daban-Kumasi
Kumasi Academy, Asokore Mampong
Kumasi Girls Secondary School, Abrepo- Kumasi
Kumasi High School, Atonsu Gyenase
Kumasi secondary Technical School, Patasi-Kumasi
Mmofraturo Girls Secondary School, Kumasi
Opoku Ware School, Kumasi
St.Louis Secondary School -THE PACE SETTERS (Oduom)
Osei Kyeretwie Secondary School, Old Tafo
Prempeh College, Kumasi
Angel Educational Complex - Kronom
T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School,Kumasi
KNUST SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, BOADI,KUMASI
Kwabre District
Adanwomase Secondary, Adanwomase
Aduman Secondary, Aduman
Antoa Secondary, Antoa
Gyeama Penson Secondary/Technical, Aboaso
Kofi Adjei Secondary/Technical, Bampanase
Simms Secondary, Fawoade
Offinso District
Akumadan Secondary, Akumadan
Namong Secondary, Namong
St. Jerome Secondary, Abofour
Sekyere East District
T.I. Ahmadiyya Girls Senior High School, Asokore
Dadease Agriculture Secondary, Dadease
Effiduase Secondary/Commercial, Effiduase
Krobea Asante Vocational/Technical Institute, Asokore
Tweneboa Kodua Secondary School, Kumawu
Sekyere West District
Amaniampong Secondary, Mampong
Nsutaman Catholic Secondary, Nsuta
Saint Joseph Secondary/Commercial School, Mampong
Saint Monica's Secondary, Mampong
Ejisu/Juaben District
Juaben Secondary School, Juaben
Ejisuman Secondary Schoo, Ejisu
Ejisu Secondary Technical School, Ejisu
Bonwire Secondary Technical School, Bonwire
Achinakrom Secondary School, Ejisu - Achinakrom
Church of Christ Senior High School - Adadeentem
[edit]
Brong Ahafo Region
Asunafo North District / Asunafo South District
Ahafoman Secondary/Technical, Goaso
Kukuom Agric Secondary, Kukuom
Mim Secondary, Mim
Asutifi District
Acherensua Secondary, Acherensua
Gyamfi Kumanin Secondary /Technical, Wamahinso
Hwidiem Secondary, Hwidiem
OLA Girls Secondary, Kenyasi
Atebubu-Amantin District
Atebubu Secondary, Atebubu
Amanten Secondary, Amanten
Prang Secondary, Prang
Yeji Secondary / Technical, Yeji
Berekum District
Berekum Secondary, Berekum
Jinjini Secondary, Jinjini
Methodist Secondary/Technical, Biadan
Presbyterian Secondary, Berekum
Dormaa District
Dormaa Secondary, Dormaa Ahenkro
Mansen Comm. Day Secondary, Wamfie
Nkrankwanta Comm Secondary, Nkrankwanta
Wamanafo Comm Day Secondary/Technical, Wamanafo
Jaman North District / Jaman South District
Drobo Secondary, Drobo, Ghana
Goka Secondary /Technical, Goka
Nafana Secondary, Sampa
Our Lady of Providence Secondary, Kwasi Buokrom
Sumaman Secondary, Suma-Ahenkro
Kintampo North District / Kintampo South District
Jema Secondary, Jema
Kintampo Secondary, Kintampo
Nkoranza District
Busunya Secondary, Busunya
Nkoranza Secondary/Technical, Nkoranza
Pru District
Sene District
Kajaji Secondary, Kajaji Settlement Town
Kwame Danso Secondary/Technical, Kwame Danso
Sunyani District
Chiraa Secondary, Chiraa
Notre Dame Girls Secondary, Sunyani
Odomaseman Day Secondary, Odomase
Sunyani Secondary School, Sunyani
Sacred Heart Secondary, Nsoatre
St. James Seminary and Secondary, Abesim
Twene Amanfo Secondary/Technical, Sunyani
Sunyani Business Secondary School(SUBSEC), Sunyani
Tain District
Tano North District / Tano South District
Bechem Presbyterian Secondary School, Bechem
Boakye Tromo Secondary/Technical, Duayaw Nkwanta
Bomaa Comm. Secondary, Bomaa
Duayaw Nkwanta Secondary, Duayaw Nkwanta
Techimantia Presbyterian Secondary/Commercial, Techimantia
Yamfo Anglican Comm., Yamfo
Techiman Municipal District
Asuogyaman Secondary/Technical, Aworowa
Buoyem Secondary, Boyem
Guakro Effa Secondary, Offuman
Techiman Secondary, Techiman
Tuobodom Secondary/Technical, Tuobodom
Wenchi District
Wenchi Methodist Secondary, Wenchi
Badu Secondary/Technical, Badu/Wenchi
Koae Secondary/Technical, Koase/Wenchi
Nkoranman Senior Secondary, Seikwa/Wenchi
Menji Secondary, Menji
[edit]
Central Region

There are 48 schools listed in the region.
Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese District
Abakrampa Secondary/Technical School, Abakrampa
Aburaman Secondary School, Abura Dunkwa
Agona District
Kwanyako Secondary School, Kwanyako
Nsaba Presbyterian Secondary School, Nsaba
Nyakrom Day Secondary School, Nyakrom
Pank Secondary School, Bawjiase,
Siddiq Senior High School, Nyakrom
Naana Khadijah Islamic Girls School (KHADISCO),+233 (024)1538880Swedru, www.khadiscogirls.net
Swedru School of Business, Swedru
Ajumako/Enyan/Essiam District
Besease Sec/Comm, Besease
Enyan Denkyira Secondary School, Denkyira
Mando Secondary Tech School, Mando
Asikuma/Odoben/Brakwa District
Breman Asikuma Secondary, Breman Asikuma
Odoben Secondary, Odoben
Assin North District / Assin South District
Adankwaman Secondary/Comm, Assin Darman
Assin Manso Secondary School ( http://greatamass.ning.com ), Assin Manso
Assin North Secondary /Technical, Assin Asempaneye
Assin Nsuta Secondary School, Assin Nsuta
Nyankumase Ahenkro Secondary School, Nyankumase Ahenkro
Obiri Yeboah Secondary School, Assin Fosu
Awutu/Effutu/Senya District
Obrakyere Secondary /Technical School, Obrakyere
Senya Secondary School, Senya
Winneba Secondary School, Winneba
Cape Coast Municipal District
Aggrey Memorial A.M.E Zion Secondary School, Cape Coast
Academy of Christ the King
Adisadel College, Cape Coast
Effutu Secondary / Technical, Effutu
Ghana National College, Cape Coast
Holy Child Secondary School, Cape Coast
Mfantsipim School established as "Wesleyan High School"ranked 21st in Africa
Oguaa Secondary/Technical, Cape Coast
University Practice Secondary School, Cape Coast
Wesley Girls' High School, Cape Coast
Saint Augustine's College, Cape Coast
Gomoa District
Apam Secondary School, Apam
Gomoa Secondary /Technical School, Dawurampon
Mozano Comm/Secondary, Mozano
Potsin T.I. Ahmadiya Secondary School, Potsin
Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem District
Edinaman Day Secondary School, Elmina
Eguafo-Abrem Secondary, Agona Abirem
Komenda Secondary, Komenda
Mfantsiman District
Ekumfi T. I. Ahmadiiyya Secondary School, Esakyir
Kwegyir Aggrey Secondary, Anomabo
Mankesim Secondary/Technical, Mankesim
Mfantsiman Girls Secondary School, Saltpond
Saltpond Methodist High School, Saltpond
Twifo/Heman/Lower Denkyira District
Jukwa Secondary School, Jukwa
Twifo Praso Secondary School, Twifo Praso
Upper Denkyira District
Boa-Amponsem SecSecondary School,(http://boassdunkwaoffin.ning.com) Dunkwa-On-Offin
Diaso Secondary School, Diaso
Dunkwa Secondary/Technical School, Dunkwa-On-Offin
Oxford Secondary School Dunkwa-On-Offin (Private)
[edit]
Eastern Region
Akuapim North District
Okuapenmman Socondary School, (OKUASS)Akuapem-Akropong
Nifa Seconary School, Adukrom
Asuom Secondary School
Adukrom Sec.Technical School, Adukrom
Benkum Secondary School, Larteh
Akuapim South District
Nsawam Senior High School
Nsawam business college
Presbyterian Secondary Technical School, Aburi
Aburi Girls' Secondary School (ABUGISS)The best female girls' school in Ghana
Adonten secondary school (Great Adonsco)
Presby Senior High Technical SchoolLarteh P.S.T.S.
Saint Martin's Secondary School, [[Nsawam-Adoagyiri] - The Most Disciplined School in Ghana
Asuogyaman District
Akosombo International School
Akwamuman Senior Secondary School

b
Birim Central Municipal District
Oda Secondary School, Akim Oda – Website
St. Francis Secondary Technical School, Akim Oda (FRANSTECH)
Birim South District
Akim Swedru Secondary School, Akim Swedru (AKISS)
East Akim District
Nero seniour high
Christian Heritage Secondary Technical,Kukurantumi, Akyem
Saint Paul Technical School, Kukurantumi, Akyem - Website
Kibi Secondary Technical School, Kyebi, Akyem
Abuakwa State College, (Kibi)
Suhum Secondary Technical School, (Suhum)
Fanteakwa District
Osino Presbyterian Secondary Technical, Osino
St Roses senior secondary school,akwatia
Kwahu South District
Kwahu Ridge Secondary Technical School, Obo Kwahu
Mpraeso secondary school,[Mpraeso]
Kwahu East District
St.Paul's senior high [asakraka]
Abetifi Presbyterian Senoir High School[Abetifi]
Abetifi Secondary technical school[Abetifi]
St. Dominics Senoir high School(Pepease)
Nkwatia Secondary School, Nkwatia KwahuGREAT NKWASCO
St. Peters Boys Secondary School, Nkwatia Kwahu; Website
Kwahu West District
Nkawkaw Secondary School, Nkawkaw
Manya Krobo District
Somanya Secondary Technical School[Sotech]
Manya Krobo Secondary School
Krobo Girls' Secondary School
Akro Secondary School
Asesewa Day Secondary School
Asesewa Agriculture Seconadry School
Akuse Secondary School
Suhum/Kraboa/Coaltar District
Suhum Secondary/Technical School, Suhum
New-Juaben Municipal District
Koforidua Secondary School, Koforidua (KOSEC)- ABREMPON
Ghana Secondary School, Koforidua (GHANASS)
Koforidua Secondary/Technical School (KSTS)
New-Juaben Secondary Commecial School (NJUASCO)
Pope John Secondary School, Koforidua (POJOSS)
Apegusu Secondary school,Akwamu Apegusu (Great Apesec)"kumi"
Yilo Krobo District
Yilo Krobo secondary Commercial School
Koforidua Technical Institute, Koforidua
Boso secondary technical school
Asesewa Secondary School, Asesewa]
Methodist girl's high school,[mamfe-akweapem]
[edit]
Greater Accra Region
Accra Girls Secondary School, Maamobi.
Accra Grammar School – Homepage
Accra High School, Asylum Down
Achimota Secondary School
Action Secondary Technical School Homepage
American Curriculum International School – Homepage
Armed Forces Secondary/Technical, Burma Camp
Aquinas Secondary, Cantonments
Apostle Safo Schol of Arts and Sciences, Awoshie Homepage
Christian Methodist School, Asylum Down, Accra
Corpus Christi Senior Secondary SChool
Dansoman Seconday School, Dansoman
Ebenezer Secondary School, Dansoman
Edge Hill Senior High School, Awoshie
Pank Secondary School, Awoshie
Faith Montessori School and International College – Homepage
Ghana International School – Homepage
Holy Trinity Secondary, High Street, Accra
Kaneshie Secondary/Technical School, Kaneshie
Kinbu Secondary/Technical, Kinbu
La Presbyterian Senior Secondary School, (La Emmaus)
Labone Secondary, Labone
Lincoln Community School, Accra
Madina Senior High School, Madina, Accra
Nungua Secondary School, Nungua
O'Reilly Secondary, Adabraka
Odorgonno Secondary, Awoshie
Osu Presbyterian Secondary School, Osu
Presbyterian Boys' Secondary]], Legon Homepage
St. Margaret Mary Senior High School (Dansoman)
Saint Mary's Secondary, Korle Gonno
Teshie Presby Secondary, Teshie
Wesley Grammar, Dansoman
Dangme East District
Ada Secondary School, Ada-Foah
Ada Secondary/Technical School, Ada
Dangme West District
Ghanata Secondary High School, (Dodowa)
Ningo Secondary School, Old Ningo
Osudoku Secondary/Technical School, Asutsuare
Zion Methodist secondary Technical school, (Dawhenya)
Tema Municipal District
Ashiaman Secondary, Ashiaman
Chemu Secondary, Tema Community 4 – Homepage
Manhean Secondary/Technical, Tema New Town
Our Lady of Mercy Secondary, Tema, community 4
Presbyterian Senior Secondary, Tema
SOS Hermann Gmeiner International College
Tema International College
Tema Methodist Day Secondary, Tema
Tema Secondary, Tema Community 5
Saint Stephen's International school
Ga East District
St. John's Grammar, New Achimota
West Africa Secondary, Adenta
Ga West District
Amasaman Secondary/Technical, Amasaman
Torkuase Secondary, Torkuase
Wadud Secondary, Wasec
[edit]
Northern Region
East Gonja District
Salaga Secondary School, Salaga
Salaga T.I Amadiyya Secondary School, Salaga
East Mamprusi District
Nalerigu Secondary School, Nalerigu
Savelugu-Nanton District
Savelugu Secondary School, Savelugu
Tamale Municipal District
Business Secondary School, Tamale
Ghana College (GHANASCO), Tamale.
Northern School of Business, Tamale
St. Charles Seconday School, Tamale.
Tamale Girls Secondary School,Tamale
Tamale Secondary School, Tamale (Tamasco)
Tamale Islamic secondary school(TISSEC)

West Gonja District
Damongo Secondary School, Damongo
Yendi District
Yendi Secondary School, Yendi
[edit]
Upper East Region
Bawku Municipal District
Bawku Secondary School, Bawku (Bawsco)
Bawku West District
Zebilla Sceondary School, Zebilla
Bolgatanga Municipal District
Bolgatanga Girls Secondary School, Bolgatanga (BOGISS)
Bolgatanga Secondary School, Bolgatanga (Big Boss)
Gowrie Secondary Technical School, Vea
Zuarungu Secondary School, Zuarungu ( ZUSS)
Zamse Seconday Technical School (Zamstech)- Bolgatanga
Bolgatanga Technical Institute (BOTECH)- Bolgatanga
Bolgatanga Technical College,Yikene- Bolgatanga
Ho School of Business Togo Border
Bongo District
Bongo Senior Secondary School, Bongo.
Builsa District
Sandema Secondary Technical, Sandema
Garu-Tempane District
Garu/Tempane Secondary School, Tempane
Kassena/Nankana District
Navrongo Secondary School, Navrongo (Navasco)
Notre Dame Minor Seminary, Navrongo
Talensi-Nabdam District
Kongo Secondary School, Kongo
[edit]
Volta Region
Akatsi District
Akatsi Secondary/Technical, Akatsi
Ave-Dakpa Secondary, Ave-Dakpa
Wovenu Senior Secondary, Tadzewu
Jasikan District (Buem District)
Baglo Secondary/Technical, Baglo
Bueman Secondary, Jasikan
Nkonya Secondary, Nkonya
Nattan Secondary, Nkonya
Okadjakrom Secondary/Technical, Okadjakrom
Worawora Secondary, Worawora
Ho Municipal District
Abutia Secondary, Abutia-Teti
Adaklu Comm. Secondary, Adaklu
Agotime Secondary, Kpetoe
Akome Secondary/Technical, Akome
Avatime Secondary, Vane
Awudome Secondary, Tsito
Dzolo Secondary, Dzolo
E.P.Church Mawuko Girls Secondary, Ho
Kpedze Secondary, Kpedze
Mawuli Secondary, Ho
Baglo Secondary/Technical, Baglo
Nkwanta Secondary, Nkwanta
OLA Girls Secondary, Ho (http://www.freewebs.com/olagirls)
Saint Prosper's College, Ho
Sedzordzi Shaker Anthony's school Complex
Sokode Secondary/Technical, Sokode
Tanyigbe Secondary, Tanyigbe
Taviefe Comm. Secondary, Taviefe
Tsito Secondary/Technical, Tsito
Hohoe District
Afadjato Secondary/Technical, Gbledi-Agbogame
Agate Comm./Secondary, Agate
Akpafu Secondary/Technical, Akpafu
Alavanyo Secondary/Technical, Alavanyo
E. P. Secondary, Hohoe
Jim Bourton Memorial Agriculture Secondary, Logba Adzekoe
Leklebi Secondary, Leklebi
Likpe Secondary, Likpe-Mate
St. Mary's Seminary Secondary, Lolobi
Ve Comm. Secondary, Ve-Koloenu
Kadjebi District
Dodi-Papase Comm. Secondary, Dodi Papase
Kadjebi-Asato Secondary, Kadjeto-Asato
Keta District
Abor Secondary, Abor
Anyako Secondary School, Anyako
Anlo Secondary, Anloga
Anlo Afiadenyigba Secondary, Anlo Afiadenyigba
Anlo Awomefia Senior Secondary, Anyako
Atiavi Secondary/Technical, Atiavi
Keta Business Secondary, Keta
Keta Secondary, Keta
Zion college (zico), Anloga
Krachi District / Krachi East District
Asukawkaw Secondary, Asukawkaw
Kete-Krachi Secondary/Technology, Kete-Krachi
Kpassa Secondary, Kpassa
Krachi Secondary, Kete-Krachi
Oti Secondary/Technical School, Dambai
Nkwanta Secondary, Nkwanta
Ntruboman Secondary, Brewaniase
Ketu District
St. Paul's Secondary, Hatsukope/Denu
Some Secondary, Agbozume
Dzodze Penyi Secondary, Dzodze
Klikor Secondary/Technical, Klikor
Three Town Secondary, Denu
Kpando District
Anfoega Secondary, Anfoega
Bishop Herman Secondary, Kpandu
Kpandu Secondary, Kpandu
Kpeve Secondary/Technical, Kpeve
Peki Secondary , Peki
Peki Secondary/Technical, Peki
Vakpo Secondary, Vakpo
Vakpo Secondary/Technical, Vakpo
Have Secondary/Technical, Have
North Tongu District
Adidome Secondary, Adidome
Aveyime Battor Secondary/Technical, Aveyime-Battor
Dofor Comm. Agricultural Secondary, Podoe
St. Kizito Secondary/Technical, Mepe
Mafi-Kumasi Comm./Secondary, Mafi-Kumasi
South Tongu District
Dabala Sec/Technical, Dabala
Sogakope Secondary, Sogakope
[edit]
Western Region
St. Augustine's Senior High School (Augusco) - Bogoso
Amenfiman Senior High School (AMENSS), Wassa Akropong
Ahantaman Senior Secondary School (Ahanss)
Adiembra Senior Secondary school(ADISEC)
Archbishop Porter Girls' Secondary School (APGSS)[1]
Asankrangwa Secondary School
Fiaseman Secondary School(FIASEC)
Fijai Secondary School
Ghana Secondary Technical School (GSTS)
Sefwi Bekwai Senior High School (SEBES), Sefwi Bekwai. [www.sebess.yolasite.com]
St. Johns Secondary School (The Saints)
Saint Mary's Boys Secondary School (Prez Mugabe's Alma Mater)
Sekondi College(SEKCO)
Shama High School (SHASS), Shama
Takoradi Business Technical College (TABUSTEC)
Takoradi Secondary School (TADISCO)
Tarkwa Secondary School (TARSCO)
wadud secondary school (wasec)
Michael BrownDiogo Senior high
Bompeh Secondary Technical School
Asesewa Secondary School (ASECO)

Nsein senior High School- Axim Ghana. Baidoo Bonsoe senior high tech.sch;agona nkwanta(best school in th western.ranked,3rd in Ghana,32 in Africa

EDUCATIONS

WIKIPEDIA on 11/26/2010 at 1:11am (UTC)

Systems of formal education

Education is the process by which people learn:
Instruction refers to the facilitating of learning, usually by a teacher.
Teaching refers to the actions of a real live instructor to impart learning to the student.
Learning refers to learning with a view toward preparing learners with specific knowledge, skills, or abilities that can be applied immediately upon completion.
[edit]
Preschool education
Main article: Preschool education
[edit]
Primary education
Main article: Primary education

Primary school in open air. Teacher (priest) with class from the outskirts of Bucharest, around 1842.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first 5–7 years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.[2] Under the Education for All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.
[edit]
Secondary education
Main article: Secondary education

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1-13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession.

The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories (for instance, the emergence of electrification), that required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved to be beneficial for both the employer and the employee, because this improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment.

In Europe, the grammar school or academy existed from as early as the 16th century; public schools or fee paying schools, or charitable educational foundations have an even longer history.
[edit]
Higher education
Main article: Higher education

The University of Cambridge is an institute of higher learning.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.
[edit]
Adult education
Main article: Adult education

Adult education has become common in many countries. It takes on many forms, ranging from formal class-based learning to self-directed learning and e-learning. A number of career specific courses such as veterinary assisting, medical billing and coding, real estate license, bookkeeping and many more are now available to students through the Internet.
[edit]
Alternative education
Main article: Alternative education

Alternative education, also known as non-traditional education or educational alternative, is a broad term that may be used to refer to all forms of education outside of traditional education (for all age groups and levels of education). This may include not only forms of education designed for students with special needs (ranging from teenage pregnancy to intellectual disability), but also forms of education designed for a general audience and employing alternative educational philosophies and methods.

Alternatives of the latter type are often the result of education reform and are rooted in various philosophies that are commonly fundamentally different from those of traditional compulsory education. While some have strong political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, others are more informal associations of teachers and students dissatisfied with certain aspects of traditional education. These alternatives, which include charter schools, alternative schools, independent schools, and home-based learning vary widely, but often emphasize the value of small class size, close relationships between students and teachers, and a sense of community.
[edit]
Indigenous education
Main article: Indigenous education

Increasingly, the inclusion of indigenous models of education (methods and content) as an alternative within the scope of formal and non-formal education systems, has come to represent a significant factor contributing to the success of those members of indigenous communities who choose to access these systems, both as students/learners and as teachers/instructors.
[edit]
Process
[edit]
Curriculum
Main articles: Curriculum and List of academic disciplines

An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university, or via some other such method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences.[3]
[edit]
Learning modalities

There has been work on learning styles over the last two decades. Dunn and Dunn[4] focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment, at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli[5] recommended varying teaching strategies. Howard Gardner[6] identified individual talents or aptitudes in his Multiple Intelligences theories. Based on the works of Jung, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Keirsey Temperament Sorter[7] focused on understanding how people's personality affects the way they interact personally, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment. The work of David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's Type Delineator[8] follows a similar but more simplified approach.

It is currently fashionable to divide education into different learning "modes". The learning modalities[9] are probably the most common:
Visual: learning based on observation and seeing what is being learned.
Auditory: learning based on listening to instructions/information.
Kinesthetic: learning based on hands-on work and engaging in activities.

Although it is claimed that, depending on their preferred learning modality, different teaching techniques have different levels of effectiveness,[10] recent research has argued "there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice."[11]

A consequence of this theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them.[12] Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as VAK are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning.[13]
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Teaching

Teachers need to understand a subject enough to convey its essence to students. While traditionally this has involved lecturing on the part of the teacher, new instructional strategies put the teacher more into the role of course designer, discussion facilitator, and coach and the student more into the role of active learner, discovering the subject of the course. In any case, the goal is to establish a sound knowledge base and skill set on which students will be able to build as they are exposed to different life experiences. Good teachers can translate information, good judgment, experience and wisdom into relevant knowledge that a student can understand, retain and pass to others. Studies from the US suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most important factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score highly on international tests have multiple policies in place to ensure that the teachers they employ are as effective as possible.[14] With the passing of NCLB in the United States (No Child Left Behind), teachers must be highly qualified.
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Technology
Main article: Educational technology

Technology is an increasingly influential factor in education. Computers and mobile phones are used in developed countries both to complement established education practices and develop new ways of learning such as online education (a type of distance education). This gives students the opportunity to choose what they are interested in learning. The proliferation of computers also means the increase of programming and blogging. Technology offers powerful learning tools that demand new skills and understandings of students, including Multimedia, and provides new ways to engage students, such as Virtual learning environments. One such tool are virtual manipulatives, which are an "interactive, Web-based visual representation of a dynamic object that presents opportunities for constructing mathematical knowledge" (Moyer, Bolyard, & Spikell, 2002). In short, virtual manipulatives are dynamic visual/pictorial replicas of physical mathematical manipulatives, which have long been used to demonstrate and teach various mathematical concepts. Virtual manipulatives can be easily accessed on the Internet as stand-alone applets, allowing for easy access and use in a variety of educational settings. Emerging research into the effectiveness of virtual manipulatives as a teaching tool have yielded promising results, suggesting comparable, and in many cases superior overall concept-teaching effectiveness compared to standard teaching methods.[citation needed] Technology is being used more not only in administrative duties in education but also in the instruction of students. The use of technologies such as PowerPoint and interactive whiteboard is capturing the attention of students in the classroom. Technology is also being used in the assessment of students. One example is the Audience Response System (ARS), which allows immediate feedback tests and classroom discussions.[15]

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a “diverse set of tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.”[16] These technologies include computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony. There is increasing interest in how computers and the Internet can improve education at all levels, in both formal and non-formal settings.[17] Older ICT technologies, such as radio and television, have for over forty years been used for open and distance learning, although print remains the cheapest, most accessible and therefore most dominant delivery mechanism in both developed and developing countries.[18] In addition to classroom application and growth of e-learning opportunities for knowledge attainment, educators involved in student affairs programming have recognized the increasing importance of computer usage with data generation for and about students. Motivation and retention counselors, along with faculty and administrators, can impact the potential academic success of students by provision of technology based experiences in the University setting.[19]

The use of computers and the Internet is in its infancy in developing countries, if these are used at all, due to limited infrastructure and the attendant high costs of access. Usually, various technologies are used in combination rather than as the sole delivery mechanism. For example, the Kothmale Community Radio Internet uses both radio broadcasts and computer and Internet technologies to facilitate the sharing of information and provide educational opportunities in a rural community in Sri Lanka.[20] The Open University of the United Kingdom (UKOU), established in 1969 as the first educational institution in the world wholly dedicated to open and distance learning, still relies heavily on print-based materials supplemented by radio, television and, in recent years, online programming.[21] Similarly, the Indira Gandhi National Open University in India combines the use of print, recorded audio and video, broadcast radio and television, and audio conferencing technologies.[22]

The term "computer-assisted learning" (CAL) has been increasingly used to describe the use of technology in teaching.
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Educational theory
Main article: Education theory

Education theory is the theory of the purpose, application and interpretation of education and learning. Its history begins with classical Greek educationalists and sophists and includes, since the 18th century, pedagogy and andragogy. In the 20th century, "theory" has become an umbrella term for a variety of scholarly approaches to teaching, assessment and education law, most of which are informed by various academic fields, which can be seen in the below sections.
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Economics
Main article: Economics of education

It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth.[23] Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of "human capital".[24] Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions[25] and the role of cognitive skills.[26]

At the individual level, there is a large literature, generally related back to the work of Jacob Mincer,[27] on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital of the individual. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impact of schooling.[28]

Economists Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis famously argued in 1976 that there was a fundamental conflict in American schooling between the egalitarian goal of democratic participation and the inequalities implied by the continued profitability of capitalist production on the other.[29]
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History This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2010)

Main article: History of education

A depiction of the University of Bologna, Italy

The history of education according to Dieter Lenzen, president of the Freie Universität Berlin 1994, "began either millions of years ago or at the end of 1770". Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. The evolution of culture, and human beings as a species depended on this practice of transmitting knowledge. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling continued from one generation to the next. Oral language developed into written symbols and letters. The depth and breadth of knowledge that could be preserved and passed soon increased exponentially. When cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond the basic skills of communicating, trading, gathering food, religious practices, etc., formal education, and schooling, eventually followed. Schooling in this sense was already in place in Egypt between 3000 and 500BC.The history of education is the history of man as since its the main occupation of man to pass knowledge, skills and attitude from one generation to the other so is education.

Nowadays some kind of education is compulsory to all people in most countries. Due to population growth and the proliferation of compulsory education, UNESCO has calculated that in the next 30 years more people will receive formal education than in all of human history thus far.[30]
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Philosophy
Main article: Philosophy of education

John Locke's work Some Thoughts Concerning Education was written in 1693 and still reflects traditional education priorities in the Western world

Philosophy of education is a "the philosophical study of education and its problems...its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy".[31] As such, it is a field of applied philosophy. Drawing from fields of philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, etc.) and its approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic), philosophy of education seeks to address questions regarding the aims of education, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few.[32] Put another way, philosophy of education is the philosophical study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between educational theory and practice.
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Psychology
Main article: Educational psychology

A class size experiment in the United States found that attending small classes for 3 or more years in the early grades increased high school graduation rates of students from low income families.[33]

Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Although the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are often used interchangeably, researchers and theorists are likely to be identified as educational psychologists, whereas practitioners in schools or school-related settings are identified as school psychologists. Educational psychology is concerned with the processes of educational attainment in the general population and in sub-populations such as gifted children and those with specific disabilities.

Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialities within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education and classroom management. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks (Lucas, Blazek, & Raley, 2006).
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Sociology
Main article: Sociology of education

The sociology of education is the study of how social institutions and forces affect educational processes and outcomes, and vice versa. By many, education is understood to be a means of overcoming handicaps, achieving greater equality and acquiring wealth and status for all (Sargent 1994). Learners may be motivated by aspirations for progress and betterment. Education is perceived as a place where children can develop according to their unique needs and potentialities.[34] The purpose of education can be to develop every individual to their full potential. The understanding of the goals and means of educational socialization processes differs according to the sociological paradigm used.
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Education in the Developing World This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2010)

World map indicating Education Index (according to 2007/2008 Human Development Report)

In developing countries, the number and seriousness of the problems faced are naturally greater.[citation needed] People in more remote or agrarian areas are sometimes unaware of the importance of education. However, many countries have an active Ministry of Education, and in many subjects, such as foreign language learning, the degree of education is actually much higher than in industrialized countries; for example, it is not at all uncommon for students in many developing countries to be reasonably fluent in multiple foreign languages, whereas this is much more of a rarity in the supposedly "more educated" countries where much of the population is in fact monolingual.

Universal primary education is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals and great improvements have been achieved in the past decade, yet a great deal remains to be done.[35] Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute indicate the main obstacles to greater funding from donors include: donor priorities, aid architecture, and the lack of evidence and advocacy.[35] Additionally, Transparency International has identified corruption in the education sector as a major stumbling block to achieving Universal primary education in Africa.[36] Furthermore, demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as one would expect as governments avoid the recurrent costs involved and there is economic pressure on those parents who prefer their children making money in the short term over any long-term benefits of education. Recent studies on child labor and poverty have suggested that when poor families reach a certain economic threshold where families are able to provide for their basic needs, parents return their children to school. This has been found to be true, once the threshold has been breached, even if the potential economic value of the children's work has increased since their return to school.

But without capacity, there is no development. A study conducted by the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning indicates that stronger capacities in educational planning and management may have an important spill-over effect on the system as a whole.[37] Sustainable capacity development requires complex interventions at the institutional, organizational and individual levels that could be based on some foundational principles:
national leadership and ownership should be the touchstone of any intervention;
strategies must be context relevant and context specific;
they should embrace an integrated set of complementary interventions, though implementation may need to proceed in steps;
partners should commit to a long-term investment in capacity development, while working towards some short-term achievements;
outside intervention should be conditional on an impact assessment of national capacities at various levels.

Russia has more academic graduates than any other country in Europe.

A lack of good universities, and a low acceptance rate for good universities, is evident in countries with a high population density. In some countries, there are uniform, over structured, inflexible centralized programs from a central agency that regulates all aspects of education.
Due to globalization, increased pressure on students in curricular activities
Removal of a certain percentage of students for improvisation of academics (usually practised in schools, after 10th grade)

India is now developing technologies that will skip land based phone and internet lines. Instead, India launched EDUSAT, an education satellite that can reach more of the country at a greatly reduced cost. There is also an initiative started by the OLPC foundation, a group out of MIT Media Lab and supported by several major corporations to develop a $100 laptop to deliver educational software. The laptops are widely available as of 2008. The laptops are sold at cost or given away based on donations. These will enable developing countries to give their children a digital education, and help close the digital divide across the world.

In Africa, NEPAD has launched an "e-school programme" to provide all 600,000 primary and high schools with computer equipment, learning materials and internet access within 10 years. Private groups, like The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, are working to give more individuals opportunities to receive education in developing countries through such programs as the Perpetual Education Fund. An International Development Agency project called nabuur.com, started with the support of former American President Bill Clinton, uses the Internet to allow co-operation by individuals on issues of social development.
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Internationalization

Education is becoming increasingly international. Not only are the materials becoming more influenced by the rich international environment, but exchanges among students at all levels are also playing an increasingly important role. In Europe, for example, the Socrates-Erasmus Programme[38] stimulates exchanges across European universities. Also, the Soros Foundation [39] provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programmes such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalisation of education. Some scholars argue that, regardless of whether one system is considered better or worse than another, experiencing a different way of education can often be considered to be the most important, enriching element of an international learning experience

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